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The Evolution Of The Great British Breakfast



There are few meals as iconic as the British breakfast. For generations, it has been a symbol of comfort, tradition, and indulgence. Whether enjoyed as a hearty start to the day or a weekend treat, the full English breakfast holds a special place in British culinary culture. But how has it evolved over the years?


The origins of the British breakfast can be traced back to the Middle Ages, when large morning meals were a necessity for labourers preparing for a long day of work. By the 19th century, the meal had become an institution, particularly among the wealthy Victorian gentry, who saw breakfast as an opportunity to display their status through an elaborate spread of meats, eggs, fish, bread, and tea. This tradition trickled down to the working classes, albeit in a more simplified form, with fried bacon, eggs, sausages, and bread becoming staples.


The early 20th century saw the rise of the full English breakfast as we know it today. With the Industrial Revolution and the growth of urban working life, breakfast needed to be filling and practical. The combination of bacon, eggs, sausages, black pudding, baked beans, grilled tomatoes, and fried bread became the standard, offering a high-energy meal to sustain workers through long shifts. It was during this period that the meal became widely associated with British identity, appearing in cafés, hotels, and homes across the country.


After the Second World War, rationing made such lavish breakfasts a rarity, with ingredients like meat and eggs in short supply. Instead, simpler alternatives such as porridge or toast became more common. However, by the 1950s and 60s, as the economy recovered, the traditional fry-up returned to prominence. The post-war years also saw the rise of the 'greasy spoon' café, where workers could grab a quick and affordable full English before starting their day.


By the late 20th century, breakfast habits had begun to change. The convenience of cereals, toast, and quick-fix options appealed to busy families, and the full English became more of a weekend indulgence rather than an everyday meal. Health concerns also played a role, with many people opting for lighter breakfasts instead of fried foods. Despite this shift, the traditional British breakfast remained a beloved part of the national culture, with variations appearing across the UK. The Scots added tattie scones and haggis, while the Welsh favoured laverbread and cockles. In Northern Ireland, the Ulster Fry, featuring soda bread and potato farls, became a staple.


Today, the British breakfast continues to evolve. While the classic fry-up remains a favourite in cafés and hotels, modern trends have influenced how it is enjoyed. Health-conscious versions featuring grilled ingredients, avocado, and even plant-based sausages cater to changing tastes. Vegetarian and vegan full English breakfasts are now widely available, reflecting the shift towards more sustainable and ethical eating habits. At the same time, nostalgia for traditional food has kept the classic version alive, with artisanal ingredients and locally sourced produce adding a gourmet touch.


Despite these changes, the essence of the British breakfast endures. Whether served on a fine china plate in a country house hotel, dished up in a no-frills café, or recreated at home on a lazy Sunday morning, the full English remains a cherished part of Britain’s food heritage. It is more than just a meal—it is a tradition, a ritual, and a comforting reminder of the past, continually adapting to the present while staying true to its roots.

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Sainsbury’s has announced it will be investing £200 million to offer a leading rate of colleague pay, increasing to £12 per hour and recognising the hard work of colleagues across Sainsbury’s and Argos.


Effective from March, this is Sainsbury’s single biggest ever investment into colleague pay and 120,000 hourly paid colleagues will benefit. Sainsbury’s has increased pay by 50% since 2018 and by 9% in the last year, in line with the Real Living Wage.


Sainsbury’s has an excellent track record in being a leading employer, with consistent improvement in colleague retention and lower absence. The pay increase to £12 per hour, £13.15 for colleagues in London, makes it the largest supermarket to pay colleagues the new Real Living Wage nationally and the London Living Wage. This will give colleagues an extra £1,910 a year nationally and £2,290 a year in London. The investment of £200 million, brings the three year total investment in colleague pay to over £500 million.


In addition to the pay increases during recent years, Sainsbury’s has provided colleagues with free food during shifts and increased colleague discount of 15% at Sainsbury’s every Friday and Saturday and 15% at Argos every payday. This Christmas, all colleagues received a voucher to earn 4x Nectar points on their big Christmas shop, as well as a 20% discount at Sainsbury’s during Christmas week. Sainsbury’s believes that engaged colleagues deliver the best service and overall customer satisfaction scores are consistently ahead of full-choice competitors.


Supporting colleagues with pay and benefits is a key part of Sainsbury’s Save to Invest programme, which focusses on making the business simpler and more efficient, allowing it to invest in areas that will make the biggest difference to customers.


Simon Roberts, Chief Executive of Sainsbury’s said:

“Our colleagues do a brilliant job delivering for our customers every day and at the same time they are continuing to face the rising costs of living. So, in addition to investing to keep our prices low for customers, I’m delighted to confirm an industry leading pay increase again this year for all our hourly paid colleagues."

"At Sainsbury’s we will be increasing pay by 9.1% to £12 per hour, taking our investment into colleague pay to more than £500 million over three years. For a full time colleague, this is an extra £1,910 a year and this increase is well ahead of inflation and the government’s 2024 national living wage of £11.44.

“We continue to lead our industry in the level of reward and benefits we provide for our people and this remains a clear priority for us at Sainsbury’s. We believe well rewarded, engaged colleagues deliver the best service and attracting and retaining the best talent will be crucial to our success in delivering the next phase of our business strategy.”


Jeremy Hunt, Chancellor of the Exchequer said:

“We will always make sure that work pays and are proving it by cutting taxes for 29 million people this week and increasing the National Living Wage by a record amount in April."

“It’s great to see Sainsbury’s rewarding hard work with this pay rise for 120,000 employees around the country.”


Bally Auluk, USDAW National Officer said: "The continuing strong working relationship between USDAW & Sainsbury's has resulted in an inflation busting pay award of over 9% despite inflation falling and following on from the significant pay increases over the previous couple of years. The current cost of living is still on the rise which is why USDAW are very pleased the business has taken this on board during our consultations and responded in such a positive manner, which includes continuing to offer free food and additional discount."

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